It seems to be the fate of any successful management idea that it should be both used and abused. It happened to Clay Christensen’s hypothesis on “disruptive innovation”. It happened to Toyota’s “lean” production system. It has also happened, according to Jim Collins, to his metaphor for an endless cycle of improvement, the flywheel.
似乎所有成功的管理概念在被使用的同時也被濫用?？死?克里斯坦森(Clay Christensen)的“顛覆性創新”(disruptive innovation)假設難逃這般命運，豐田汽車(Toyota)的“精益”(lean)生產系統也是。吉姆?柯林斯(Jim Collins)稱，他用來比喻無盡改善循環的“飛輪”(flywheel)概念也被濫用了。
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